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Copeland, Larry. "Animal Rights Fight Gains Momentum." USA TODAY Sirs. 27 jan 2008. Nov 13, 2008 <http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SFCPSCHS-0-5355&artno=0000271787&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=&title=Animal%20Rights%20Fight%20Gains%20Momentum&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=Y&ic=Y>.

Animal rights influence growing MF
affecting everything from food to enjoying a horse-drawn carriage ride MF
animals are made of flesh, blod, bone just like humans MF
PETA supports ban on carriage horses hauling tourists around MF
humane society expects 28 state legislatures this year to strengthening existing bans on dog fighting & cockfights MF
13 states considering bills regulating "puppy mills" MF
728 gray hounds injured racing at state tracks MF
over past 3 years colleges have stopped or dramatically reduced the use of eegs from hens MF
Burger King, Hardees, Carl's jr, and Ben & Jerry dont use eegs from caged chickens MF
more than 90 law schools now offer courses in animal law MF

Rucker, Philip. "Med School Is Asked To Stop Animal Use." Washington Post Sirs. 2 jul 2008. Nov 11, 2008 <http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SFCPSCHS-0-5355&artno=0000284810&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=&title=Med%20School%20Is%20Asked%20to%20Stop%20Animal%20Use&res=Y&ren=Y&gov=Y&lnk=Y&ic=N>.

U.S. military's medical school draws critisim from using live animals KH
studens and faculty insert breathing tubes in live ferrets, and perform surgeries on live pigs KH
medical school has a petition againsted them asking the university to use alternatives like high-tech human simulators KH
"to abuse and take the life of an animal, especially for a purpose that is served better by not doing so, is gratuitous and unethical" says pippin KH
8 of 154 medical school report using live animals KH
use of live animals has declining due to stimulated human models KH

Rowan,Andrew N. "Animal experimentation" World Book Advanced. 2008 14 Nov. 2008 <http:www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar022480

morally wrong and benifits gained by animal research atrivial compared to the cost of animal testing in products that have no scientific value, such as cosmetics or perfumes SF
most scientist argue without animal testing they could not make significant progress in medicine SF
** Animals in biological, medical. And psychological studies.
Human beings and many animals have similar organ system and body pressure SF
Experiments on animals help scientist increase knowledge about the way the human body works SF
Twenty million animals each year MC
Animals rights advocates estimate MC
As many as 100 million animals are used annually. SF
Mice and rats account for about ninety percent of animals used. SF
Scientists also use birds, cats, dogs, guineas pigs, hamster, monkeys, and rabbit MC
In addition educators use animals to teach students about anatomy, physiology, biology, and surgery. MC
Researchers study animals to get a better understanding of body processes in human and animals SF
They use many animals to study the causes and effects of illnesses such as cancer and heart disease MC
They use animals to develop and test the safety of chemicals in food products and cosmetic SF
Physiology observe the behavior of animals under a verity of conditions such as hunger or stress to learn how similar conditions might affect people SF
These methods include test-tube experiment on bacteria or on bits of human or animal tissue, and the use of computer models of living system MC
claim that animal suffering is minor SF
experiments not always adequate SF

Quigley, Ian. "Animal Testing." Animal sciences. Ed. Allan B. Cobb. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002. Science Resource Center. Gale. 14 November 2008 <http;galenet.galegroup.com/servet/SciRC?ste=1&docNum=CV2642050013>

activist protest cosmetic research instead of bio medicine
many advantages to using animals, over other methods
many drug studies require observation of animals
stimulations rarely reflect reality
animal organ systems differ from humans
24 drugs reduce damage after storkes in animal
none proved effective in human trials

*
Causey , Ann. ""Animal Rights"." Environmental Encyclopedia. 2003. Nov 14, 2008 <>.

The FD&C act doesnt specifically require animals in testing cosmetic safety
the act doesnt require cosmetics for FDA premarket approval
animal rightists advocate the protection of ecosystems

The humane Society. 2008 nov 18, 2008 http://www.hsus.org/animals_in_research/animal_testing/animal_testing_the_beginning_of_the_end.html.

skin and eye irritancy tests are conducted on rabbits
millions of animals used in the us and abroad to assess the potentiall hazards of the following:
cosmetics, soaps, houshold cleaners, pesticides, drugs, and other
chemicals are applied to aniomals eyes and skin, injected into their blood, or the aniamls are forced to digest or inhale it
animal protection community critize these methods as inhumane, and scientifically flawed
"three R's"- replace animals in specific tests, reduce animal numbers in specific tests, and refining tests to lessen animal suffering
developments in US give hope to developing non-animal methods can be developed
guinea pigs have been widely used for skin allergy testing

Aldhous, Peter. Animal Experiments where do you draw the line?. May 22, 1999. Nov 18, 2008 <http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Philosophy/Debating/Polls/Newscientpoll.htm>.

experiments on monkeys were veiwed more negatively than those including mice
experiments to test or develop drugs to cure childhood lukemia were seen as justifying monkey suffering
experiments invloving primates are tightly controlled in britain
monkeys are unlikely to br used for lukemia testing
attempts to develop aids vaccines depend on virusis in monkeys
goal of developing a AIDS vaccine is taken as justification for inecting chimpanzees with lethal strains of HIV
regulations governing animal experiments are as strict or stricter in Britain
no perscription drug is marketed without 1st being tested in animals

Using Animals for Testing: Pros Versus Con's. 2008. Nov 18, 2008 <http://www.aboutanimaltesting.co.uk/using-animals-testing-pros-versus-cons.html>.

major pro animal testing is that it aids researcher in finding drugs and treatments to improve healthy and medicine
many medical treatments possible by animal testing like:
cancer and HIV druge, insulin, antibiotics, vaccines and other
there are indiviuals who are against animal testing for cosmetics, bt not for medicine
animal testing helps to ensure the saftey of drugs and other things humans are exposed to regularly
animal testing allows researchers to initially gauge the saftey of drugs prior to human trials
human harm is reduced and lives saved
animals are used because they are considered similar to humans
animals are the closest match to humans

Sanders, Robert. "New biochip could replace animal testing." UCBerkeleyNews 18 12 2007. UCBerkeleyNews. 18 12 2007. Nov 18, 2008 <http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/12/18_datachip.shtml>.

cosmetic industry facing European ban on animal testing in 2009
newly developed biochip could provide rapid analysis needed to insure chemicals in cossmetics are not toxic to humans
the biochip is a suspension of more than a thousand human cell culture, in a three-dimensional gel on a microscope slide
each culture is capable of assessing toxicity of a differant chemical
according to researchers cultures of human cells could be used to rapidly screen new chemicals
by adding other cells and combining the datachip with another biochip "the metachip" cosmetics or chemical companies could test whether chemicals were toxic to otha organs also
the metachip was reported two years ago contains liver enzymes immobilized on a microscope slide
liver enzymes can sometimes alter seemingly safe chemicals and make them toxic, the metachip mimicks this
fo drug companies the combining the metachip and the datachip offers rapid ways to predict whether a drug candidate or its metabolites on cells are toxic
within 5 to 10 years, people will be able to know their personal genomes for specific drugs
then reproduce this profile on a metachip to prescreen all drugs, they can determine safe and effective doses

Ernst, Stephanie. Animal Use and Abuse Statistics: The Shocking Numbers. october 5, 2008. Nov 18, 2008 <http://animalrights.change.org/blog/view/animal_use_and_abuse_statistics_the_shocking_numbers>.

more than 25 million animals used in testing in the United States each year
monkeys,chimpanzees,beagles,cats,rabbits,mice,farm animals
after experiments conclude all of the animals who survived testing are killed
as of 2002, more than 50 drugs tested on animals and approved by the FDA as have been taken away, or relabeled because they caused serious illness

animal testing. 2007. Nov 19, 2008 <http://www.animalport.com/animal-testing/animal-testing-facts-figures.html>.

More than 2.5 million live animal experiments were authorized in Great Britain in 2000. This number has halved since the 1970s
Around the world, animals are used to test products ranging from shampoo to new cancer drugs
British law requires that any new drug must be tested on at least two different species of live mammal. One must be a large non-rodent
UK regulations are considered some of the most rigorous in the world - the Animals Act of 1986 insists that no animal experiments be conducted if there is a realistic alternative
Almost every medical treatment you use has been tested on animals. Animals were also used to develop anesthetics to prevent human pain and suffering during surgery

all typed by Kim Harris

Animal Testing. 2007 PETA. Nov 21,08 <http://www.peta.org/actioncenter/testing.asp>.

requries laboratories to report the number of animals used in experiments( Animal Welfare Act)
that dose not cover mice rats and birds(used in some 80 to 95 percent of all experiments)
these animals are not covered by the act they remain uncounted
requires all drugs to be tested on animals (FDA)
animals differ from humans significantly making animal drug tests unreliable and dangrous
research methods such as computer models cell cultures and human studies are more accurate less expensive and much more humane

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